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Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 271-279 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0328-0

摘要： China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.

关键词： wastewater treatment     solid waste     greenhouse gases     systematical strategies    

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy     energy security     greenhouse gases     alternative fuels     vehicle technologies    

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Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0915-9

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from swine production systems are relatively well researched with the exception of emissions from land application of manure. GHGs inventories are needed for process-based modeling and science-based regulations. Thus, the objective of this observational study was to measure GHG fluxes from land application of swine manure on a typical corn field. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected land-applied swine manure, fall and reapplication in the spring, on a typical US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was completed. Static chambers were used for flux measurement along with gas analysis on a GC-FID-ECD. Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs flux using four different models: linear regression, nonlinear regression, first order linear regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier (HMR) model, respectively for comparisons. Cumulative flux estimates after manure application of 5.85 × 10 g·ha (1 ha= 0.01 km ) of CO , 6.60 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 3.48 × 10 g·ha N O for the fall trial and 3.11 × 10 g·ha of CO , 2.95 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 1.47 × 10 g·ha N O after the spring reapplication trial were observed. The N O net cumulative flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen applied in swine manure for the fall trial.

关键词： Climate change     Emissions     Greenhouse gases     Land application     Swine manure    

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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN CHINA AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 226-233 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023486

摘要：

● Livestock is major greenhouse gas source in agriculture in China.

关键词： animal husbandry     emission reduction solutions     feed improvement     greenhouse gases emission     manure management    

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Greenhouse gas emissions from thermal treatment of non-recyclable municipal waste

Tomáš Ferdan, Martin Pavlas, Vlastimír Nevrlý, Radovan Šomplák, Petr Stehlík

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 815-831 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1761-4

摘要：

This paper analyses factors affecting the production of greenhouse gases from the treatment of residual municipal waste. The analysis is conducted so that the environmentally-friendly decision-making criteria may be later implemented into an optimisation task, which allocates waste treatment capacities. A simplified method of life cycle assessment is applied to describe environmental impact of the allocation. Global warming potential (GWP) is employed as a unit to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The objective is to identify the environmental burdens and credits measured by GWP for the three fundamental methods for treatment of residual waste unsuitable for material recovery. The three methods are waste-to-energy (WTE), landfilling and mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) with subsequent utilization of refuse-derived fuel. The composition of the waste itself and content of fossil-derived carbon and biogenic carbon are important parameters to identify amounts of GHG. In case of WTE, subsequent use of the energy, e.g., in district heating systems in case of heat, is another important parameter to be considered. GWP function dependant on WTE capacity is introduced. The conclusion of this paper provides an assessment of the potential benefits of the results in optimisation tasks for the planning of overall strategy in waste management.

关键词： waste management     greenhouse gases     global warming potential     allocation planning     waste-to-energy    

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Integration of climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment — implementation, problems and recommendations for China

I-Shin CHANG, Jing WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 598-607 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0496-1

摘要： Climate change plays an important role in affecting and altering the course of human development. So far, there have been no effective and efficient techniques to directly quantify the influences of climate change on human development, but there have been rough estimation and qualitative description of the effects. Since the 1990s, climate change considerations have been required to be included in environmental impact assessment, which is a flexible institutional framework of environmental risk evaluation and management. However, there have been no concrete achievements demonstrated. The purpose of this study was first to summarise the practical experience and to disclose the existing problems during the implementation of the process of integrating climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment in China through a case study. Currently in China, the practice of integrating climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment is mainly concentrated on the strategic environmental assessment level. The influences of climate change were identified as energy consumption, greenhouse gases emission, and the restraint of development under abnormal or extreme weather or climate conditions. Because of a lack of related technical guidelines and practical experience, the climate change considerations that have been selected and the evaluation methods that have been applied are quite different. Recommendations on policies, laws, and institutional regulations institution are proposed to better utilise environmental impact assessment to integrate climate change considerations into economic, social, and environmental decisions and actions.

关键词： climate change considerations     environmental impact assessment     energy consumption     greenhouse gases     low carbon    

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SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 407-424 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022448

摘要：

● Soil nitrogen fluxes and influencing factors were reviewed in the subtropical hilly regions.

关键词： nitrogen cycling     soil nitrogen     nitrogen deposition     greenhouse gases emission     non-point source pollution     nitrogen use efficiency    

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Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1424-z

摘要： This paper presents an evaluation of the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas/CO emissions of integrated oil sands crude upgrading processes. Two major oil sands crude upgrading schemes currently used in Canadian oil sands operations were investigated: coking-based and hydroconversion-based. The analysis, which was based on a robust process model of the entire process, was constructed in Aspen HYSYS and calibrated with representative data. Simulations were conducted for the two upgrading schemes in order to generate a detailed inventory of the required energy and utility inputs: process fuel, steam, hydrogen and power. It was concluded that while hydroconversion-based scheme yields considerably higher amount of synthetic crude oil (SCO) than the coker-based scheme (94 wt-% vs. 76 wt-%), it consumes more energy and is therefore more CO -intensive (413.2 kg CO /m vs. 216.4 kg CO /m ). This substantial difference results from the large amount of hydrogen consumed in the ebullated-bed hydroconverter in the hydroconversion-based scheme, as hydrogen production through conventional methane steam reforming is highly energy-intensive and therefore the major source of CO emission. Further simulations indicated that optimization of hydroconverter operating variables had only a minor effect on the overall CO emission due to the complex trade-off effect between energy inputs.

关键词： Oil sands crude upgrading     hydroconversion     process modeling     greenhouse gas emissions    

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A comprehensive review of greenhouse shapes and its applications

Ravinder Kumar SAHDEV,Ashwani Kumar DHINGRA,Mahesh KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 427-438 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0464-8

摘要： Greenhouse technology is a practical option for the production and drying of agricultural products in controlled environment. For the successful design of a greenhouse, the selection of a suitable shape and orientation is of great importance. Of various shapes of greenhouses, the even-span roof and the Quonset shape greenhouses are the most commonly used for crop cultivation and drying. The orientation of greenhouses is kept east–west for maximum utilization of solar radiations. Hybrid and modified greenhouse dryers have been proposed for drying of products. The agricultural products dried in greenhouses are found to be better in quality as compared to open sun drying because they are protected from dust, rain, insects, birds and animals. Moreover, various greenhouses shapes along with their applications have been reviewed.

关键词： greenhouse shapes     drying     solar energy     agriculture products     orientation    

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Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 357-374 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0763-y

摘要： Food consumption is necessary for human survival. On a global scale, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29% of the total GHG emission. China has the largest population in the world, which is experiencing a rapid development. Under the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents, it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food consumption. This study aims to employ a single-region input-output (SRIO) model and a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors, uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities), as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national level. The results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO2e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO2e in 2017. The fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat products. Although GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased, the gap between them is increasing. Agriculture, processing and manufacture of food, manufacture of chemical and transportation, storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG emissions. From a regional perspective, the top five emission provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) include Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. Based on such results, policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.

关键词： greenhouse gas (GHG) emission     food consumption     industry sectors     mitigation measures     urban governance    

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PROPOSED INNOVATION REFORM MODEL FOR THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 234-247 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022468

摘要：

● The carbon footprint of the nitrogen fertilizer chain has decreased significantly over the last decade.

关键词： carbon accounting     life cycle assessment     policy     product structure    

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 268-280 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023495

摘要：

● An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.

关键词： agriculture     ammonia     greenhouse gas     mitigation     net zero    

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Stability of an annular viscous liquid jet in compressible gases with different properties inside and

Chunji YAN, Maozhao XIE,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 198-204 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0054-5

摘要： A spatial linear instability analysis is conducted on an annular viscous liquid jet injected into compressible gases and a three-dimensional model of the jet is developed. The model takes into account differences between the velocities, densities of the gases inside and outside of the liquid jet. Theoretical analysis reveals that there exist 9 dimensionless parameters controlling the instability of the liquid jet. Numerical computations reveal some basic characteristics in the breakup and atomization process of the liquid jet as well as influences of these relevant parameters. Major observations and findings of this study are as follows. The Mach number plays a destabilizing role and the inner Mach number has a greater effect on the jet instability than the outer Mach number. The Reynolds number always tends to promote the instabilities of the liquid jet, but its influence is very limited. The Weber number and the gas-to-liquid density ratio also have unstable effects and can improve the atomization of liquid jets. Furthermore, the effects of the Weber number and gas-to-liquid density ratio on the maximum growth rates of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric disturbances and corresponding dominant wave numbers are manifested in a linear way, while that of the Mach number is non-linear. The effect of Reynolds on the maximum growth rates is non-linear, but the dominant wavenumber is almost not affected by the Reynolds number.

关键词： liquid jet     dominant wave number     compressibility     instability    

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中国首个地基高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱观测站的大气成分长期观测研究 Article

刘诚, 孙友文, 单唱功, 王薇, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, 殷昊, 田园, 高吉熹, 毛慧琴

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第22卷 第3期   页码 201-214 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.022

摘要：

长期观测主要大气成分的体积混合比（VMR）廓线和柱总量对掌握中国气候变化和碳收支具有重要意义。本文对我国首个全球碳总柱观测网（TCCON）高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱仪（FTS）地基观测站，即合肥观测站开展了系统性研究。该观测站可观测30多种大气成分的柱总量和VMR廓线。本文公布了2014年以来合肥观测站观测到的部分关键大气成分的时间序列，总结了迄今为止该站点取得的主要研究成果，包括光谱反演表征和归一化、关键大气成分的总体演变特征、排放估计、卫星和化学传输模式（CTM）校验以及对大气污染来源和传输的相关研究。同时，本文还对合肥观测站的观测、科学研究和未来研究计划进行了展望。中国明确提出2030年二氧化碳排放达到峰值，2060年实现碳中和。合肥观测站将为中国政府制定绿色经济政策、实现碳中和及《巴黎协定》目标提供科学支撑。

关键词： 遥感     傅里叶变换     大气污染     温室气体     气候变化    

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Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas

Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Saeed Sahebdelfar, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 173-178 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0562-1

摘要： The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions to acceptable levels is arguably the greatest environmental challenge these days. Vast utilization of fossil fuels and forest destruction are main causes of CO increase in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide sequestration that consists of separation, transportation and utilization or storage of CO , is one way for reduction of its emission, in which the most costly section is separation. Different methods can be used for carbon dioxide separation such as absorption, membrane separation, adsorption and cryogenic distillation. Economic, technical and environmental issues should be considered in selection of the technology for particular application. Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, pressure and flow rate are influential operating parameters in the selection of the appropriate separation method. Nowadays, absorption is the worldwide industrial separation method. New researches are focused on developing new stable solvents and efficient column configuration with suitable internals to minimize pressure drop. Membrane separation and adsorption (PSA type) are other long-term alternatives that can increase separation efficiency and decrease separation cost. The level of energy consumption in various separation methods are in the order: chemical absorption>physical absorption>membrane separation. Because of high investment costs, current separation technologies are suitable for large concentrated sources. In the present paper, different processes for carbon dioxide separation are investigated and compared. Available technologies and commercial plants for CO sequestration are provided.

关键词： carbon dioxide     greenhouse effect     separation     membrane     absorption     adsorption    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

期刊论文

Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

期刊论文

Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN CHINA AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON

期刊论文

Greenhouse gas emissions from thermal treatment of non-recyclable municipal waste

Tomáš Ferdan, Martin Pavlas, Vlastimír Nevrlý, Radovan Šomplák, Petr Stehlík

期刊论文

Integration of climate change considerations into environmental impact assessment — implementation, problems and recommendations for China

I-Shin CHANG, Jing WU

期刊论文

SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING

期刊论文

Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

期刊论文

A comprehensive review of greenhouse shapes and its applications

Ravinder Kumar SAHDEV,Ashwani Kumar DHINGRA,Mahesh KUMAR

期刊论文

Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a

期刊论文

PROPOSED INNOVATION REFORM MODEL FOR THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

期刊论文

Stability of an annular viscous liquid jet in compressible gases with different properties inside and

Chunji YAN, Maozhao XIE,

期刊论文

中国首个地基高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱观测站的大气成分长期观测研究

刘诚, 孙友文, 单唱功, 王薇, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, 殷昊, 田园, 高吉熹, 毛慧琴

期刊论文

Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas

Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Saeed Sahebdelfar, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh

期刊论文